Coming On Strong Gender And Sexuality Essay - 1875 Words

Women are empowered, encouraged and even pressured into being involved in a sport or some type of fitness activities today; however, it hasn’t always been that way (Cahn 278). In the 1920s, also known as the â€Å"golden age† of sports, women and young girls faced obstacles such as rejection, gender discrimination, and stereotypes when showing interest in sports or fitness activities. One famous author named Susan Cahn, wrote a book called Coming on Strong: Gender and Sexuality in Twentieth-Century Women’s Sports, and focuses on the decades between the 1920s and the 1960s. For most of the 19th century, females were accused of causing a great deal of danger to the moral and physical areas of masculinity. Through the research of multiple different aspects, such as media, appearance, and gender roles, Cahn puts together an idea and theme that athleticism is seen as a masculine trait because it was once constructed by society itself; which fortunately for the women, that idea can be changed. In the later centuries, Cahn writes about the progress of woman s appearance in sports, however then describes the difference in respect, attention throughout media, opportunities and wages between men and women. Through both primary sources such as newspapers, interviews, and journals, as well as secondary sources like relevant literature, Cahn writes her book in a historical non-fiction genre. After reading Coming on Strong: Gender and Sexuality in Twentieth-Century Women’s Sports by SusanShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Allen Ginsberg s Howl And 1661 Words   |  7 Pageshis differences, which contributes to strange and prohibited behaviours. 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Essay on James Joyces Araby - 1177 Words

James Joyce was an Irish born author whose descriptions of the mundane life in his hometown of Dublin led to a collection of short stories that include some of the most widely read pieces of British literature. This collection known as the â€Å"Dubliners† contains 15 short stories that each centers around a different group of characters and reveals a new theme about life in the city. In Joyces Araby, part of the â€Å"Dubliners† collection, a young and nameless narrator becomes enamored with his friend Mangan’s sister and attempts to win her affections by bringing a gift to her from the bazar that has come into town. The narrator hopes that his visit to the Araby bazaar will not only win her heart but give him some sense of fulfillment as well.†¦show more content†¦The sentences following this initial description describe the brownness of the narrator’s environment; the brown houses, the brown papers in his home, the girl’s brown skin and so on. The color brown has a sense of plainness associated with it and therefore its use in these descriptions is meant to reinforce the mundane aspects of the narrator’s world. Although some initial descriptions of the girl include the color brown, most other depictions of her involve some light playing off her hair or her body in way that suggests the narrator views her as his once chance to obtain something light and beautiful in his life; â€Å"the light from the lamp opposite our door caught the white curve of her neck, lit up her hair that rested there and, falling, lit up the hand upon the railing† (Joyce). Through the narrator’s thoughts, it is revealed that he believes his surroundings are perpetually inadequate and are obstructing the possibility of a more exciting or colorful life. For example, the day he is supposed to go the bazaar everything seems prolong his journey: a long day at school, the lateness of his uncle, and the busyness of the train to the bazaar. The uncles lateness is indicated to probably be from a state of intoxication as described by the boy’s observation of his uncle’s entry: At nine oclock I heard my uncles latchkey in the hall door. I heard him talking to himself and heard the hallstand rocking when it had received the weight ofShow MoreRelatedJames Joyces Araby Essay736 Words   |  3 Pages Araby by James Joyce nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In quot;Arabyquot; James Joyce explores the theme that adulthood is not always what it seems. The narrator in the story is the main character and he demonstrates this theme when he falls in love with the girl in his neighborhood. In the beginning the young boy is too shy to express his feeling towards her. Later in the story he tells her of a present that he is going to bring her from the bazzar. Lastly he realizes that he has failed and nowRead MoreJames Joyces Araby Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tragedy of Araby nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In James Joyce’s Araby, a young boy finds himself in love with an older girl. The girl, Mangan’s sister, refuses to love him back and instead ignores him. This crushes the boy and makes his hunger for her even more stronger. He sometimes finds himself hopelessly alone in the darkness thinking about her, awaiting for the day she would recognize his devotion to her. â€Å" At night in my bedroom†¦her image came betweenRead MoreEssay on James Joyces Araby1128 Words   |  5 PagesJames Joyces Araby   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Passion, adolescence, foolishness, and maturity are the first words that come to one’s mind to describe James Joyce’s short story, â€Å"Araby.† In it, he writes about a boy who falls deeply in love with his best friend’s sister, who through the story, doesn’t seem to notice him or care about him. The boy, who has yet to be named, lives in a poor and run-down town. During the story, certain characters contribute to the boy’s developing sense of maturity, and eventuallyRead MoreEssay on James Joyces Araby3507 Words   |  15 PagesJames Joyces Araby I doubt there are book logs that commence with a note directing a reader, specifically you, even though I get the impression from Mr. Little to whom riding between pairs of glasses suggesting that in order to gather a bounty against my beloved head I must be obliged to fathoming on how to receive topic sentences with cradling arms and craters of dimples (have to love formalities, even of those lolling head-stumps, after all, it keeps NATO all triteRead MoreEssay on James Joyces Araby - Setting in Araby1597 Words   |  7 PagesSetting in James Joyces Araby  Ã‚   In the opening paragraphs of James Joyces short story, Araby, the setting takes center stage to the narrator. Joyce tends carefully to the exquisite detail of personifying his setting, so that the narrators emotions may be enhanced. To create a genuine sense of mood, and reality, Joyce uses many techniques such as first person narration, style of prose, imagery, and most of all setting. The setting of a short story is vital to the development of characterRead MoreThemes in James Joyces Araby Essay667 Words   |  3 Pages In the story of, Araby James Joyce concentrated on three main themes that will explain the purpose of the narrative. The story unfolded on North Richmond Street, which is a street composed of two rows of houses, in a desolated neighborhood. Despite the dreary surroundings of dark muddy lanes and ash pits the boy tried to find evidence of love and beauty in his surroundings. Throughout the story, the boy went through a variety of changes that will pose as diffe rent themes of the story includingRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyces The Dead And Araby1651 Words   |  7 Pagesboy encounter. Jame Joyce’s works portray his characters to display both inner struggles and difficulty being socially accepted. During the party, Gabriel is anxious and nervous because he wants to uphold this reputation of a confident man. Therefore, he creates a script allowing him to have a sense control and comfort which he lacks. In Contrast, the little boy perceives himself to be self-assured and sociable when in reality these ideas are inflicted by his imagination. James Joyce’s â€Å"The Dead† andRead More James Joyces Araby - Character, Structure and Style in Araby2402 Words   |  10 Pagesin Araby  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Hazel Edwards, â€Å"A good story writer needs to be a craftsman, for the construction is tighter than that required for most novels. Usually a short story concentrates on a few characters- rarely more than three major ones. The story revolves around a single, dramatic incident which typifies the characters’ reactions. Length varies from 1,000 to about 5,000 words.† With these characteristics in mind, then we are going to examine James Joyce’s short story Araby   inRead MoreEssay James Joyces Araby and Eveline1061 Words   |  5 PagesJames Joyces Araby and Eveline In Araby and Eveline Joyce uses religious symbols to show the importance of the Catholic religion in both of the main characters lives. Both of these stories take place in Dublin, Ireland, a place that is very strong in its belief in the Catholic religion. In Araby, the imagery of the infamous Fall is presented to the reader within the second paragraph to indicate its importance. The themes of religious masses can be found in Eveline. The conceptRead MoreEssay on James Joyces Araby - The Ironic Narrator of Araby895 Words   |  4 Pages The Ironic Narrator of nbsp;Arabynbsp; nbsp; Although James Joyces story Araby is told from the first per-son viewpoint of its young protagonist, we do not receive the impression that a boy tells the story. Instead, the narrator seems to be a man matured well beyond the experience of the story. The mature man reminisces about his youthful hopes, desires, and frustrations. More than if a boys mind had reconstructed the events of the story for us, this particular way of telling the

Osi Analogy Paper Free Essays

OSI Model Analogy Trevor Crews Strayer University The OSI model is the model developed for computer-to-computer communications over a network. This model breaks down all the functions that occur into seven distinct layers. These layers are, application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and the physical layer. We will write a custom essay sample on Osi Analogy Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each one encompasses a specific part of the process that occurs during the communication. In order to simplify this think of it like sending a package through the post office. It can be broken down into seven stages or layers for this example. We start with bringing an item or letter to the post office that is to be sent to a determined destination. This is essentially what happens in the application layer. This is the interface between the communication and the entire process as it is in how a computer works. Next the item is packaged and put into a box or envelope. This is similar to how the presentation layer functions. In this layer the communication is formatted, encrypted, and compressed; basically prepared for sending. Our package is then tagged with tracking information and tagging information that allows us to track it and verify if there are any other packages and if needed what order they go in. This is similar to the session layer. Next our package is put into a sorting device of some kind that sorts things based on size to see if it is able to be sent with other shipments or broken down to be sent different ways if it is to large. This is similar to the transport layer of the OSI model. The similarities go on over the next few layers as well. After packages are sorted they couriers inspect the packages and are given the specific routes they are to take in order to deliver the correct packages to the correct recipients. This represents the network layer in that the connections are established between the computers and the routing is also established. Next the packages are loaded onto the means of their transportation. This can include both truck and plane or whatever other method is needed to ensure delivery. This is how the data link layer works. The information is packaged generally in frames and sent via the proper transmission method via the designated route. The first of this process ends with the drivers getting into to their vehicles and driving towards the destinations with the packages. This is the physical layer in which the transmission takes place. After all this takes place it goes back through the same layers in the reverse order to ensure that everything that has happened was in the correct order and method. For example a package arrives at its destination, it’s then unloaded, inspected to make sure its intact and not damaged, signed for to verify the correct address and recipient, unpacked, and finally read. While the process as a whole can be overwhelmingly complex if it is broken down into layers as the OSI model does it can be viewed a little more simplistically and compared to modern day processes. Such as the post office as I have described. There are also many other similarities that if one looked they could make connections to. Works Cited Dean, T. (2010). CIS 175: Network + Guide to Networks: 2010 Custom Edition (5th Edition). Boston: Cengage Learning. How to cite Osi Analogy Paper, Essays

Business Accounting Manual Business Transactions

Question: Describe about the Business Accounting for Manual Business Transactions. Answer: Introduction There was a time when the all the transactions of the business used to be kept manually. However, huge transformation of technology has taken place in last 30 years and now-a-days, twenty-first century is known as the era of technology. In this era, there is several software which helps to keel all the transactions of a business in a computerized way so that they can be preserved and can be used for further references. Among these various systems, Enterprise Resource Planning, commonly known as ERP, is one of the best systems in the world. The main function of ERP is to keep records of all the accounting transactions as well as other business transaction of an organization (Leon 2014). In todays world, the business operations of a company have become vast with the progress of technology. Companies now-a-days want one centralized system which will record and produce all the activities related to the business. This demand has increased the adoption of ERP system by most of the companies (ERP 2014). There are some industries which use the ERP system a lot. This vast use of ERP has give birth of accounting fraudulent (Brown et al. 2015). This reason has contributed to the development of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 or SOX which protect the investors from this type of accounting fraudulent. The main objective of this report is to identify the reasons for the high use of ERP system. On the other hand, another objective of this study is to explain the reasons and implications of SOX. Sarbanes-Oxley Act Discussion Sarbanes-Oxley Act, commonly known as SOX, is an act for the purpose of corporate governance in the businesses. This act was introduced in the year of 2002 (Hostak et al. 2013). This Act is also known as Corporate and Auditing Accountability and Responsibility Act. The main purpose of this act is to change the mode of financial practices and corporate governance which has caused much fraudulence in various businesses (Li 2014). There are eleven sections in the act which was developed as a reaction of the many corporate and accounting fraudulent like the Enron scandal, the Worldcom scandal and many others (Roy 2015). The bill contains many responsibilities of the board of directors of the public corporations and also contains a list of penalties for various illegal business practices. As per this act, the Security and Exchange commission needs to develop regulations to make sure that the public corporations are complying with this law. The main reason of the enactment of SOX is the increasing number of fraudulent cases in the public sector corporations. The major examples of corporate accounting scandals are the Enron Case, the Tyco International case, the Adelphia case, the Peregrine System case and the Worldcom case (Wisner and Brown 2015). This accounting and corporate governance scandals cost millions of dollars to the investors and stakeholders of these companies. The stock price of these affected companies collapsed as a result of the fraudulent by the board of directors and the auditors of these companies. This total process shook the security markets of the United States. The major eleven elements of SOX are discussed below: The first title is Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. There are nine sections in this title which provides independent rule regarding the audit of public corporations. This section also provides process and procedures to compliance with the audit rules (Li et al. 2015). The second part is about the independence of the external auditors that means to limit the conflict of interests. The third part is about corporate responsibility that refers to the individual responsibility of the executives towards the financial reports. The fourth part states that the financial reports of the companies must include the details of all the financial transaction of the companies. The fifth and sixth part says how to gain the investors confidence. As per the seventh part, the financial reports should be examined by the respective authority for various findings. The eights section provides various guidelines for the corporate and criminal fraud in the public corporations. The ninth section gives rules and regulations to encounter the white collar criminal activities. All the details about the corporate tax returns are given in the tenth part. The last section includes all the penalties of the corporate fraud (Litvak 2014). Implications The SOX rules and regulations have developed to eradicate various fraudulent and criminal activities in various operations of the public sector corporations. On the other hand, the main function of SAP ERP is to record all the transactions of the business so that the internal and external stakeholders can get all the relevant business information (Monk and Wagner 2012). Thus, it can be clearly observed that there is a bog role of SAP ERP in the success of a business. The huge function of SAP ERP in an organization increases the risk of fraudulent and criminal activities in the organization. Hence, the following modifications have been done as per the SOX Act to prevent the fraudulent. As per the act, there will be new function in the SAP that will help to control business assessment in the organization. The condition is that only the internal staffs with higher SAP knowledge can access this system. This modification has been done as per the United States Public Company Accounting Oversight Boards Auditing Standard No. 5. This is a risk based top down approach (Shin, Lee and Park 2013). Another modification is that the SAP ERP will share reduction of cost related immediate results with the external auditors of the companies. This process will help in conducting the IT Audit earlier. The conduction of earlier IT Audits will help to reduce the organizational fraudulent and criminal activities. According to the SOZ Act, the internal auditors need to be trained about the SAP ERP at the time of the implementation of the SAP system in the organization. This process will make the internal auditors to become a SAP ERP expert. Thus, the SAP ERP operations will be audited by both the external and internal auditors. This process will add an extra benefit to the stakeholders of the companies. The modified SAP ERP will have the security control of ITGCs. That means the ITGC security issues can be controlled through the modified SAP system. This process will help in reducing the security related criminal activities of the organizations. These are the major modifications done in the SAP ERP system as per the SOX act. Success and Failure of SAP ERP SAP ERP is one of the best accounting information software in todays world. There are a lot of reasons behind the popularity of SAP ERP software. A large number of companies around the globe starting from small size to big size are implementing SAP ERP system for the smooth running of their business. Now-a-days, the operation of SAP ERP is not only bound in the accounting areas, but also it has operations in all areas of the business. This is one of the general reasons why companies are adopting the SAP ERP technology for their business (Bernroider and Mitlohner 2015). On the other hand, there are companies that have failed to implement the SAP ERP system in their business operations. The name of a company that has successfully implemented the SAP ERP system is GrainCorp Limited. GrainCorp Limited is an Australian company listed in Australia Securities Exchange. This company receives and store grains and other related commodities and provide logistics solution to market these products. The SAP ERP system in GrainCorp has been implemented by UXC Oxygen. The implementation of SAP ERP has given the company the chance to grow worldwide. The company was facing some major problems like to develop technology to expand offshore, integration of the contract management and financial operations and many others. After the successful implementation of SAP ERP system, the company got rid of these challenges. UXC Solution has designed the SAP ERP system as per the requirement of the company. This aspect indicates that the SAP ERP system is flexible and it has the scope for customization. On the other hand, the installation of SAP ERP system does not include a large cost. The com panies can only ad those systems that are required for their business operations. GrainCorp has been benefitted in several ways after the implementation of the SAP ERP. The business process has been improved due to the removal of inefficient double handling. The system has given Graincorp better visibility of the various business operations of the company (Fallon and Polovina 2013). The financial management has become more efficient due to the implementation of SAP ERP. The streamline reporting has made the financial process easy. On the other hand, daily, weekly and monthly processing has been decreased. The most important aspect is the single source of information (Lee, Chen and Yang 2015). This process makes the decision making process easier. There are various diagrams that show the reason for the popularity of SAP ERP. Though there are success stories of SAP ERP implementation, there are also some shocking incidents where the renowned companies failed to successfully implement the SAP ERP system. As a result, the companies had to face millions of dollars (Zeng and Skibniewski 2013). One of such incident is the case of New York Citys City Time Project. The main reason of this fallback is cost overrun and other criminal activities regarding the SAP ERP system. The budget for the total operation was $ 63 million. However, at the end of the project, the cost incurred was $ 760 million which was more than ten times of the estimated budget. The original costs were more than the estimated costs because of the fraudulent. Some of the top level employees of the company were involved in the criminal activity regarding the project. The responsible employees were charged. Thus, it can be observed that the internal reasons are responsible for the SAP ERP failure of this project (Maier, Laumer and Weinert 2015). Conclusion and Recommendation From the above discussion it can be observed that there is a lot of importance of ERP systems in todays diversifying business world. There was a time when ERP systems were only used for the purpose of maintaining the accounting information of the business. However, the scenario has been totally changed today. Now-a-days, ERP systems are used for various purposes of the business that is managing accounting and other information; control the business operation; keeping the records of all business transactions like sales, purchase and others; maintaining the logistics of the business and many others. These are the reasons why businesses all over the world are choosing ERP systems for their businesses. However, it can be seen that there are many fraudulent and criminal activities are taking place in businesses regarding the accounting activities and many various activities of the business. To protect the business from all these fraudulent and criminal activities, Sarbanes-Oxley Act, commonly known as SOX, was introduced in the year of 2002 by the United States Government. The SOX Act is consists of eleven parts and each part consists of many sections. This law provides all the guidelines, rules and regulations to prevent organizational fraudulent and criminal activities regarding the accounting and auditing factors of an organization. As per the guidelines of this law, the SAP ERP system had to be modified to comply with the rules and regulation of this act. It has been seen that there are many companies all over the world have been successful to implement the SAP ERP system. The many features of SAP ERP help to do that for the companies. There are instances of companies that failed to implement SAP ERP for internal problems and fraudulent among the organizational people. Some recommendations are given below based on the whole report: It is recommended that all the ERP system including SAP ERP must comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in order to run the various business operations smoothly. Thus, it is suggested that the ERP systems must be integrated in accordance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. It is recommended that the companies need to determine the budget of the SAP ERP implementation project in an effective way. In case of cost overrun, the company can face a huge amount of loss due to this reason. It is recommended that the companies that have successfully implemented the SAP ERP system need to employ SAP ERP for more operations. This will reduce the dependency on manual system and this process will lead to the minimization of human errors. These are the recommendations and suggestions for this purpose. Thus, it can be concluded that ERP system is becoming an integrated part of business for the purpose of organizational success. References Bernroider, E.W. and Mitlohner, J., 2015. Characteristics of the multiple attribute decision making methodology in enterprise resource planning software decisions.Communications of the IIMA,5(1), p.6. Brown, A.M., Henley, M.G. and Lalonde, C., Ebay Inc., 2015.Identifying fraudulent activities and the perpetrators thereof. U.S. Patent 8,959,637. ERP, B.O., 2014. Enterprise Resource Planning.Sage,2(9), p.4. Fallon, R. and Polovina, S., 2013. REA Analysis of SAP HCM; Some Initial Findings. InCUBIST Workshop(pp. 31-43). Hostak, P., Lys, T., Yang, Y.G. and Carr, E., 2013. An examination of the impact of the SarbanesOxley Act on the attractiveness of US capital markets for foreign firms.Review of Accounting Studies,18(2), pp.522-559. Lee, H., Chen, K.L. and Yang, J., 2015. Teaching enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in the supply chain management course.Communications of the IIMA,6(3), p.8. Leon, A., 2014.Enterprise resource planning. McGraw-Hill Education. Li, C., Raman, K.K., Sun, L. and Wu, D., 2015. The SOX 404 internal control audit: Key regulatory events.Research in Accounting Regulation,27(2), pp.160-164. Li, X., 2014. The SarbanesOxley act and cross-listed foreign private issuers.Journal of Accounting and Economics,58(1), pp.21-40. Litvak, K., 2014. Defensive Management: Does the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Discourage Corporate Risk-Taking.U. Ill. L. Rev., p.1663. Maier, C., Laumer, S. and Weinert, C., 2015. Enterprise resource planning systems induced stress: a comparative empirical analysis with young and elderly SAP users. InWirtschaftsinformatik(pp. 1391-1406). Monk, E. and Wagner, B., 2012.Concepts in enterprise resource planning. Cengage Learning. Roy, M.N., 2015. Statutory Auditors' Independence in the Context of Corporate Accounting Scandal: A Comparative Study of Enron and Satyam.IUP Journal of Accounting Research Audit Practices,14(2), p.7. Shin, I.H., Lee, M.G. and Park, W., 2013. Implementation of the continuous auditing system in the ERP-based environment.Managerial Auditing Journal,28(7), pp.592-627. Wisner, D.L. and Brown, B.A., 2015. Corporate Toxicity: The WorldCom/MCI Scandal. Zeng, Y. and Skibniewski, M.J., 2013. Risk assessment for enterprise resource planning (ERP) system implementations: a fault tree analysis approach.Enterprise Information Systems,7(3), pp.332-353.